Wednesday, August 26, 2015

OSPF - Forwarding Address




Case 1 - Understanding of  forwarding address 
Case 2. Suppressing forwarding address to make route reachable.

Case 1 - Understanding of  forwarding address
R6

interface Loopback1
 ip address 66.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback10
 ip address 66.6.7.7 255.255.255.255


router ospf 10
 area 3 nssa
 redistribute connected subnets route-map fasup

route-map fasup permit 10
 match interface Loopback1 Loopback10


With OSPF database lookups on external routes, the Forward Address
field determines who the next recursive lookup should be performed toward. 
With typical Type-5 External LSAs,the forward address is normally set to 0.0.0.0. This means that the next lookup should be performed toward the Advertising Router.
As in N2 route FA is router,s address.
in R6


                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 3)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
66.6.6.6        69.4.1.1        876         0x80000001 0x00B3FA 0
66.6.7.7        69.4.1.1        876         0x80000001 0x009E0E 0
R6#

R5#sh ip route | in 66
      66.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O N2     66.6.6.6 [110/20] via 56.0.0.6, 00:06:14, FastEthernet0/1
O N2     66.6.7.7 [110/20] via 56.0.0.6, 00:06:14, FastEthernet0/1

R5

R5#sh ip ospf database external 66.6.6.6

            OSPF Router with ID (55.5.5.5) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 486
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 55.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x8A33
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 69.1.1.1
        External Route Tag: 0

*************************
R5#sh ip ospf database nssa-external 66.6.6.6
*************************

            OSPF Router with ID (55.5.5.5) (Process ID 10)

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 3)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 1114
  Options: (No TOS-capability, Type 7/5 translation, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 69.4.1.1
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0xB3FA
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 69.1.1.1
        External Route Tag: 0

*************************8

      33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2     33.33.33.33 [110/20] via 25.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
                     [110/20] via 15.0.0.1, 00:01:03, FastEthernet2/0


R5#sh ip ospf database external 33.33.33.33

            OSPF Router with ID (55.5.5.5) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 136
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 33.33.33.33 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 39.1.4.1
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x6985
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 0

R2

R2#sh ip ospf database external 66.6.6.6

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 27
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 55.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x8436
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 69.1.1.1
        External Route Tag: 0


Case 2. Suppressing forwarding address to make route reachable.

In R2  66.6.6.6/32 is not reachable because forwarding address 69.1.1.1 is not in routing table.
But 66.6.6.6 is in OSPF database


R2#sh ip route 69.1.1.1
% Subnet not in table
R2#sh ip route 66.6.6.6
% Network not in table
R2#


R2#sh ip ospf database external 66.6.6.6

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 27
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 55.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x8436
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 69.1.1.1
        External Route Tag: 0

to make FA 0.0.0.0 we will suppress this on ABR ( R5)

R5 

router ospf 10
 area 0 filter-list prefix test in
 area 3 nssa translate type7 suppress-fa

to know about filter list click

now

R5#sh ip ospf database external 66.6.6.6

            OSPF Router with ID (55.5.5.5) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 107
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 55.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000005
  Checksum: 0x61A0
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 0

R2

R2#sh ip route 66.6.6.6
Routing entry for 66.6.6.6/32
  Known via "ospf 10", distance 110, metric 20, type extern 2, forward metric 1
  Last update from 25.0.0.5 on FastEthernet0/0, 00:02:21 ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 25.0.0.5, from 55.5.5.5, 00:02:21 ago, via FastEthernet0/0

      Route metric is 20, traffic share count is 1

R2#sh ip ospf database external 66.6.6.6

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 10)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0
  LS age: 180
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 66.6.6.6 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 55.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000005
  Checksum: 0x61A0
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /32
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        MTID: 0
        Metric: 20
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0   // Now this will follow next-hop recursion//
        External Route Tag: 0



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